Literal Interpretation In Literature :: essays research papers

Literal Interpretation in Literature Literature is meant to provide a perspective on life. Phrases or quotes found in works of literature may be used to help express one's own thoughts, to describe a particular situation, or even to apply the circumstances in another piece of literature. Readers often utilize literary quotes for this purpose, yet not every reader will interpret a given quote the same way. One example of a phrase which can have many different meanings is the biblical quote "The sins of the father visit upon the children." A literal interpretation of the above quote would mean the wrongdoings of the father somehow affects the children. If the "bad habits" of one generation aren't corrected, they will be passed on to the generations that follow. That can result in generations of drug abusers, spouse abusers, or just rude people. One example of this interpretation might be if a father is a drug abuser, the children will learn from him, and use drugs also. Another example is if the father is abusive, the children will think that is how problems are solved. They, in turn, will be abusive to their families, and will start a vicious cycle for generations to come. These examples definitely show how this biblical quote may be interpreted literally. "The sins of the father visit upon the children" has a deeper meaning than that described above. For example, "father" could be changed to "parent," and these "parents" could mean "generations" that precede the children. A situation that would represent that would be war or pollution. A second example which illustrates how this quote may be interpreted on a more global level is preceding generations could affect the children by means of racial discrimination that has been passed down from long ago. This may have started with slavery and segregation. Then, as generations follow, racial discrimination is passed. All of these situations prove that one quote may have many different meanings. A third way to interpret this biblical quote is to change the word "sins" to a more general or positive term such as "behaviors", "expectations", "experiences", or even "good deeds". By making such a substitution, the quote takes on a new meaning. This makes the biblical quote good or bad depending on the "behaviors". For example, the father may behave in a polite way, which would teach the children behaviors that make many friends, get job offers, and basically get the most out of life. On the other hand, the fathers behaviors could be rude, and the children would learn to be mean, which would cause them to lose their jobs and friends.

Royal Mail Group

The crisis created for the Labor Government by the proposed sale and part privatization of the post office- Royal Mail Introduction: Recently, Royal Mail Group will be sold at least 1/3 of the whole business to private companies or foreign postal companies in the United Kingdom. One of 71 post centres, half of them will be cut down, and 50,000 employees will possible lose their jobs. One hand, this essay will demonstrate the crisis issue from public; on the other hand, how the issues have been handled by the Government and analyze these strategies and tactics.Main body: Royal Mail Group is one of the large-scale national enterprises in the United Kingdom, employees as many as 150,000 people. It is reported by British media, with the global financial crisis deepening Royal Mail Group of dismal business is facing a bad situation, which will be split sale possiblely, and the United Kingdom Ministry of Commerce and Postal Department are discussing a plan on postal privatization. Beginnin g in 1635, Royal Mail's operation has been the oldest postal system in the world.Currently, Royal Mail maintains the monopoly on postal services of the civilian use, but it is squeezed and rarely shares in the field of business by foreign mail delivery companies. In the civilian use areas, the number of mail delivery decline year after year. Both of Royal Mail’s huge pension deficit and the increasing e-mails mean the service will never be profitable in this current form. Dutch firm TNT, one of the mojor rivals with Royal Mail in the British postal market, TNT is thought to be the front runner to achieve the stake, which might be between 25% and 30%.Part-privatisation of Royal Mail is opposed by unions and many Labour MPs, who think that it will undermine the universal delivery service and threaten thousands of jobs, and urge the government to rethink this plan. The Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats support part-privatisation as a way of helping to modernise the service in principle. But at the same time, they are worried about Royal Mail's profitability and government support for its pension scheme in the future. In brief, at present, the government has faced the following issues:At first, lots of MPs disagree this plan, the BBC news says â€Å"about 140 Labor MPs have signed a motion opposing the part-privatization†; One of the rebels, Geraldine Smith, said â€Å"Royal Mail's status as one of the UK's ‘most respected’ public organizations must be safeguarded. Part-privatization is not the answer†. Secondly, some of people worry the pension scheme; the postal worker Sean Tail said â€Å"Potentially to get the same pension, I might even have to work past 65†. Thirdly, Communication Worker Unions put forward to have a big redundancy after part-privatization.Thereby, numbers of workers will lose their jobs. Faced above problems, the government adapts some strategies and tactics to solve these issues. The first one i s the press release, which is a key communications tool in a crisis situation. It will tell the public their thought via the media (such as a backgrounder or fact sheet). It provides officials explanation of what is happening. They must have an honest answer Respond the media quickly and fairly. News releases should keep the government correct reputation and identity throughout the crisis period.Add any other available information, such as endorsements and statement from respected professionals who tell the public commercial partnership go in the market and strengthen Royal Mail financially, meanwhile, it will have a fair competition with Royal Mail, and enable it to offer new services. It can help government obtain the support to sell off 30% of Royal Mail. In the same way, the internet has been used by activists as a highly effective global mechanism for gathering opinion from public, at the same time, publish the government's plan,which selling off 30% of Royal Mail is the only w ay to safeguard the service.Everybody wants to see a modern Royal Mail. Keeping Royal Mail in the public sector, but without some private investment would be â€Å"continued long-term decline† and even full privatization by a future government. The Labor Party releases â€Å"Royal Mail would continue to belong to the English people, its most respected image never changes†. The government websites or online news can provide a fast and effective means of communicating directly to government without the risk of â€Å"interpretation† by the media.Aiming a lot of the workers of the Royal Mail would not think of the politics, but about their pension and their job security. So, the next strategy and tactics about government, in the keynote speech, the prime minister said it is necessary that Royal Mail can achieve an investment, which guarantees a ? 25bn pension fund, spends ? 1. 5bn on the Post Office network, and maintains a universal service obligation. The received cash will be offset the cost of taking over Royal Mail pension liabilities.Money through part-privatization is ploughed back into post offices and the unemployed will gain the postal job before long, perhaps they will earn more money than before. Sometimes, they should not be sacked if they are all perfect, so they have a competition each other, and a hardworking labor. Conclusion: Because a crisis catches unprepared people, every organization must have appropriate crisis communication strategies and tactics to firmly guide those organizations that pass the bad and difficult situation.In this case study, the national English post office- Royal Mail has faced a problem from among the Labor Government, the MPs and the other public. The government must solve this problem correctly and betimes by the suitable strategies and tactics, especially dispose the relationships among them while keeping its good reputation and great image in the public. Like this, it will has a lot of public to support its decision.Reference: (2009), Sell-off ‘to save postal service' . Available from: http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7911526. tm [Accessed: March 16, 2009]. (2009), Royal Mail plans to be unveiled . Available from: http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7906418. stm [Accessed: March 22, 2009]. (2009), Labour postal rebellion growing . Available from: http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7827497. stm [Accessed: March 22, 2009]. (2009), PM: Royal Mail needs private cash . Available from: http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7916478. stm [Accessed: March 20, 2009]. Regester, M. & Larkin, J. (2005), Risk Issues and Crisis Management, 3rd ed, CIPR, London.

The International Business Field And The Entrepreneurship...

Entrepreneurial management is the system of taking entrepreneurial knowledge and exploiting it for growing the effectiveness of new business venturing as well as small and medium size businesses. There are studies that think of international entrepreneurship as more of a common marvel than young ventures entering international markets and slight interest is dedicated to the entrepreneurial behavior of organizations once they first enter into international markets. There is an inequality among the international business field and the entrepreneurship field, because of findings that exploit a theoretic outline, many use an outline from the international business theory to hold down their study, while outlines from the entrepreneurship domain are nearly nonexistent. Traditional entrepreneurship research is mainly absent in international entrepreneurship. While scholars recognize that continual internationalization is a progression about manipulating the c hance recognized at the moment, slight consideration has been dedicated to the opportunity component of international entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurial culture inspires ideas, research and originality by regarding and looking for new plans, also associated to innovative products and market regions. An entrepreneurial culture enables the creation of necessary diversity and they recognize it as one of the main circumstances for the formation of new knowledge inShow MoreRelatedResource Based View of Social Entrepreneurship: Puting the Pieces Together813 Words   |  3 Pages INTRODUCTION The emerging field of social entrepreneurship calls for a need for new integrated theories to contribute to the discipline and help grow the field. 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These particular courses had a great impact on my decision to pursue a major in Economics and a double minor in International Relations

Hard Rock Returns to Prison from the Hospital for the...

Hard Rock Returns to Prison from the Hospital for the Criminal Insane by Etheridge Knight In Etheridge Knights poem Hard Rock Returns to Prison from the Hospital for the Criminal Insane, he uses a fictional tale to describe the tyrannical elements of prisons while simultaneously conveying the oppression that those who defy authority face in society. Knight effectively utilizes imagery and analogies (implied or clearly stated) to appeal to the readers senses and draw them into the story (and ultimately the motif). The poems narrative is centered around a heroic character named Hard Rock. The name Hard Rock is a complicated pun on the American penal system and rock/jazz music as well. Although the term the Rock, is†¦show more content†¦After Hard rock received a lobotomy, Knight describes that he was turned loose, like a freshly gelded stallion, to try his new status. Despite the limited written description of the situation, the reader gleans a much more concise image of the event because of the analogy incorporated. The reader visualizes Hard Rock being released into an awkward environment (the prison) after being bereaved (gelded) of his free spirit, as well as the anticipation Hard Rock and the other prisoners experience. He had†¦split purple lips, lumped ears, welts above his yellow eyes, and one long scar that cut across his temple and plowed through a thick canopy of kinky hair†¦ Imagery is very effectively used by Knight in order to illustrate Hard Rock and incidents in the poem. Phrases such as bored a hole in his head, handcuffed and chained, the jewel of a myth, and barked in his face, paint vivid images in the readers mind. Knights use of imagery keeps the reader interested in the poem while slowly drawing the reader into the story (emotionally). This element ultimately proves to be very useful to convey the motif of the poem. Knights poem displays the corrupt elements of prison life while portraying an analogy about society. Since Hard Rock was a hero to the other prisoners, the authorities took extreme actions to end his defiance. This is an obvious reference to the civil rights movement and the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Hard Rock, like Dr.Show MoreRelatedKnight’s Poem, Hard Rock Returns to Prison from the Hospital for the Criminal Insane1024 Words   |  5 Pages Hard Rock Returns to Prison from the Hospital for the Criminal Insane is a poem by Knight, Etheridge. The poem is centered on a heroic character named Hard Rock. Knight’s poem is an allegory of oral tradition. The author depicts Hard Rock as a legend to all inmates, as his exploits are well known among the inmates. Because of his defiance, Hard Rock is sent to a Hospital for the Criminal Insane. When he comes back, Hard Rock has been lobotomized and changed into a different man. He is not the strongRead More Racial Oppression Essay1389 Words   |  6 PagesThese ideas are similar to those of Malcolm X, an American. Etheridge Knight, an author of poetry and winner of an American Book Award, read the Autobiography of Malcolm X while serving time in the Indiana State Prison. His poem, â€Å"Hard Rock Returns to Prison from the Hospital for the Criminal Insane† reflects the system punishing those that don’t adapt to the rules. Battle-scarred â€Å"Hard Rock was ‘known not to take no *censored* from nobody’† (714). His rebellious acts against the system, such asRead MoreEssay on True and Every Day Heros1421 Words   |  6 Pagesthose tracks towards them. The young girl noticed an elderly man lying on the tracks. She yelled to her father, â€Å"I have to, I have to move him, and I have to save his life.† These heroic words were the last words that this elderly father would hear from his daughter. That day pulling the man to safety the young Japanese girl was hit by the train while she saved the man’s life. Greg Botellio, Vivian Levo, and Josh Levs all of Atlanta, Georgia works for CNN news and reported on August 22, 2013 on

A Brief Note On District Health Boards And Southern Dhb

1. Introduction On 1 January 2001, District Health Boards (DHBs) were established under the NZ Public Health and Disability Act 2000 (Kloosterman, 2010). There were a total of 21 districts health boards and Southern DHB is the first board formed as the result of the combination of two districts, Southland and Otago DHBs (Southern District Healthboard). SDHB was formed on 1 May 2010 and is responsible for most publicly funded primary health and hospital services in those two districts with a population of over 315,000 (Kloosterman, 2010). This report investigates the biggest fraud case committed by a state employee against a Government institution in New Zealand (Otago Daily Times, 2008), Otago District Health Board, which went†¦show more content†¦Sonnford Solution that was formed by Harford was alleged by the Serious Fraud Office (SFO) that the company only acted as a front for their well-planned fraud (McDonald, 2009) had charged the company 198 invoices over the six years period for supposedly insurance-type services related to the provisions of IT licenses, services and support that was never provided by the company to the hospital (Peart, Otago Health Board fraud investigation: $16.9m siphon went unnoticed for years, 2008). SFO counsel, Robin Bates, said that Swann and Harford had an agreement where Harford would prepare the invoices; Swann would sign them off and then pass them to the board’s accounts department for payment. 10% of the amount (in total $1.7 million) was received by Harford and t he remaining 90% ($15.2 million) was given to Computer South Company which was under Swann’s control (Peart, Otago Health Board fraud investigation: $16.9m siphon went unnoticed for years, 2008). There was also a corrupt payment charge against Swann and Sew Hoy, the owner of Innovative Systems Limited. In between 14th January 2000 and 3rd November 2006, Innovative Systems Ltd received almost $5 million from ODHB for the services and consultancy provided in which the company paid $757,684.89 to Swann’s company. However, there were no invoices generated by Computer South Ltd and there was no justification for any payment by Innovative Systems to Computer South (NZPA, 2007).

Impact of Motivation on Organizational Productivity †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Motivation on Organizational Productivity. Answer: Problem Statement Employees in Toyota Company, Australia has been facing low productivity from their workers, which resulted in huge job loss of the workers. This has been due to lack of motivated form the employers and the organization. Reduction in motivational aspect of the employee was due to increasing pressure within the organization and low pay slab. Because of this, the workers were not being able to give their best and were more focused in meeting targets (The Conversation, 2017). This is the biggest problem that they are facing in their company that might also lead to their downfall in the competitive environment of the automobile industry. Thus, they need to motivate their employees by making them feel good about the responsibilities that they have been given which will automatically improve productivity. (Shaban, et al., 2017). Research Question What role does employee motivation play on organizational productivity? How can a company motivate the employees in an organization? What are the chain impacts of lack of employee motivation? Low motivational spirits among employees such as low morale can affect the productivity in an organization badly. This is because due to lack in working spirit the absenteeism and sabotage rate among the employees increases. References Howard, L. W., Turban, D. B., Hurley, S. K. (2016). Cooperating teams and competing reward strategies: Incentives for team performance and firm productivity.Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management,3(3). Olafsen, A. H., Halvari, H., Forest, J., Deci, E. L. (2015). Show them the money? The role of pay, managerial need support, and justice in a self?determination theory model of intrinsic work motivation.Scandinavian journal of psychology,56(4), 447-457. Shaban, O. S., Al-Zubi, Z., Ali, N., Alqotaish, A. (2017). The Effect of Low Morale and Motivation on Employees Productivity Competitiveness in Jordanian Industrial Companies.International Business Research,10(7), 1. The Conversation. (2017). Toyota's 'low-productivity' workers and the problem of performance assessment. Retrieved 24 November 2017, from https://theconversation.com/toyotas-low-productivity-workers-and-the-problem-of-performance-assessment-6492

The Things They Carried Essays (1498 words) -

The Things They Carried Tim O'Brien's The Things They Carried is not a novel about the Vietnam War. It is a story about the soldiers and their experiences and emotions that are brought about from the war. O'Brien makes several statements about war through these dynamic characters. He shows the violent nature of soldiers under the pressures of war, he makes an effective antiwar statement, and he comments on the reversal of a social deviation into the norm. By skillfully employing the stylistic technique of specific, conscious detail selection and utilizing connotative diction, O'Brien thoroughly and convincingly makes each point. The violent nature that the soldiers acquired during their tour in Vietnam is one of O'Brien's predominant themes in his novel. By consciously selecting very descriptive details that reveal the drastic change in manner within the men, O'Brien creates within the reader an understanding of the effects of war on its participants. One of the soldiers, Norman Bowler, otherwise a very gentle person, carried a Thumb. . .The Thumb was dark brown, rubbery to touch. . . It had been cut from a VC corpse, a boy of fifteen or sixteen(13). Bowler had been a very good-natured person in civilian life, yet war makes him into a very hard-mannered, emotionally devoid soldier, carrying about a severed finger as a trophy, proud of his kill. The transformation shown through Bowler is an excellent indicator of the psychological and emotional change that most of the soldiers undergo. To bring an innocent young man from sensitive to apathetic, from caring to hateful, requires a great force; the war provides this force. However, frequently are the changes more drastic. A soldier named Ted Lavender adopted an orphaned puppy. . .Azar strapped it to a Claymore antipersonnel mine and squeezed the firing device(39). Azar has become demented; to kill a puppy that someone else has adopted is horrible. However, the infliction of violence has become the norm of behavior for these men; the fleeting moment of compassion shown by one man is instantly erased by another, setting order back within the group. O'Brien here shows a hint of sensitivity among the men to set up a startling contrast between the past and the present for these men. The effect produced on the reader by this contrast is one of horror; therefore fulfilling O'Brien's purpose, to convince the reader of war's severely negative effects. In the buffalo story, We came across a baby water buffalo. . .After supper Rat Kiley went over and stroked its nose. . .He stepped back and shot it through the right front knee. . .He shot it twice in the flanks. It wasn't to kill, it was to hurt(85). Rat displays a severe emotional problem here; however, it is still the norm. The startling degree of detached emotion brought on by the war is inherent in O'Brien's detailed accounts of the soldiers' actions concerning the lives of other beings. O'Brien's use of specific and connotative diction enhances the same theme, the loss of sensitivity and increase in violent behavior among the soldiers. The VC from which Bowker took the thumb was just a boy(13), giving the image of a young, innocent person who should not have been subjected to the horrors of war. The connotation associated with boy enhances the fact that killing has no emotional effect on the Americans, that they kill for sport and do not care who or what their game may be. Just as perverse as killing boys, though, is the killing of a baby(85), the connotation being associated with human infants even though it is used to describe a young water buffalo they torture. The idea of a baby is abstract, and the killing of one is frowned upon in modern society, regardless of species. O'Brien creates an attitude of disgust in the reader with the word, further fulfilling his purpose in condemning violence. Even more drastic in connotation to be killed is the orphaned puppy(39). Adding to the present idea of killing babies is the idea of killing orphaned babies, which brings out rage within the reader. The whole concept is metaphoric, based on the connotations of key words; nevertheless, it is extremely effective in conveying O'Brien's theme. O'Brien makes a